{"id":1239,"date":"2019-05-23T08:00:51","date_gmt":"2019-05-23T12:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.pasternack.com\/?p=1239"},"modified":"2026-04-20T20:08:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T00:08:40","slug":"iot-network-types-protocols-and-wireless-standards-blog-series-part-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/blog\/iot\/iot-network-types-protocols-and-wireless-standards-blog-series-part-3\/","title":{"rendered":"IoT Network Types, Protocols, and Wireless Standards Blog Series (Part 3)"},"content":{"rendered":"

There are a multitude of layers, protocols, and wireless standards for IoT applications. The following blog gives a brief description of these layers and lists (with links!) to a variety of the leading protocols and standards relevant for IoT applications.<\/p>\n

IoT Application Protocols<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Application layer protocols are typically responsible for data formatting and presentation, and are commonly based on the HTTP protocol. As HTTP may not be ideal for resource constrained applications, such as many IoT applications, many alternate application layer protocols have emerged.<\/p>\n

MQTT *Message Queue Telemetry Transport
\nSMQTT *Secure MQTT
\nCoAP *Constrained Application Protocol
\nDDS *Data Distribution Service
\nXMPP *Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
\nAMQP *Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
\nREST *Representational State Transfer
\nMQTT-SN *MQTT for Sensor Networks
\nSTOMP *Simple Text Oriented Messaging Protocol
\nSCMP *Simple Message Commerce Protocol
\nSNMP *Simple Network Management Protocol
\nLLAP *Lightweight Local Automation Protocol
\nSSI *Simple Sensor Interface
\nLWM2M *Lightweight M2M
\nM3DA *Mihini
\nXMPP-IOT *
\nONS 2.0 *Object Name Service
\nSOAP *Simple Object Access Protocol
\nWebsocket
\nReactive Streams
\nHTTP\/2
\nJavaScript IOT (Node.js, IoT.js)<\/p>\n

Network Layer Protocols<\/strong><\/p>\n

The network layer is an infrastructure layer within IoT reference architectures, and handles the addressing and routing of data packets. IPv6 is an anew standard that exceeds IPv4 in the total number of address spaces available.<\/p>\n

6LoWPAN *IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks
\n6TiSCH *IPv6 over the TSCH Mode of IEEE 802.15.4e
\n6Lo *IPv6 over Networks of Resource-constrained Nodes
\nIPv6 over Bluetooth Low Energy
\nIPv6 over G.9959<\/p>\n

IoT Wireless Standards<\/strong><\/p>\n

Wireless standards are the technologies that bridge wired connections\/hardware through wireless transmission and reception medium. Similar to how Ethernet, Fiber-optic, USB, HDMI, and etc. are used for wired connections, there are a variety of wireless protocols designed to serve within a range of application requirements (industrial monitoring, smart-home networks, offshore sportsbooks<\/a>, connected vehicles, and many others). Typically, these protocols can be broken into three categories; Medium\/Short Range Wireless Standards that serve peer-to-peer (P2P), LAN, PAN, and HAN connectivity; Cellular and Mobile Wireless Standards that are generally WAN based standards that use the cellular network; and most recently, Low-Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) standards that are designed to offer extremely wide coverage using low power and low data rate protocols.<\/p>\n

Medium\/Short Range IoT Wireless Standards (P2P, LAN, PAN, HAN)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zigbee\/IEEE 802.15.4
\nThread
\nWeave
\nBluetooth
\nZ-Wave
\nWiFi
\nWirelessHART
\nRFID\/NFC
\nDASH7
\nEnOcean *Energy Harvesting
\nDiGiMesh
\nMiWi<\/p>\n

Cellular and Mobile Wireless Standards (WAN)<\/strong><\/p>\n

3G
\n4G LTE
\n4G LTE-A
\n4G LTE Pro
\n4G+
\n5G Sub-1 GHz Low-Band
\n5G Sub-6 GHz Mid-Band
\n5G Millimeter-wave High-Band
\nLTE-M *Cellular for Machines
\nEC-GSM *Extended Range GSM also EC-GSM-IoT<\/p>\n

Low-Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) Wireless Standards\/Protocols<\/strong><\/p>\n

Long-Range (LoRa)
\nSigFox
\nIngenu
\nWeightless
\nNB-IoT *Narrow Band IoT
\nNWave
\nRPMA<\/p>\n

Though wireless technologies do use RF frequencies to send and receive information (wireless connection), they do require several critical physical RF signal chain components to do so. These components include antenna, RF transmission lines (coax and microstrip), baluns, resistors, capacitors, inductors, attenuators, low noise amplifiers (LNA), power amplifiers (PA), mixers, isolators, amongst a wide variety of testing instruments and components.<\/p>\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. http:\/\/blog.pasternack.com\/uncategorized\/iot-wireless-standards-in-a-nutshell\/<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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