{"id":1387,"date":"2019-10-17T08:00:50","date_gmt":"2019-10-17T12:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pasternack.com\/blog\/?p=1387"},"modified":"2019-09-09T11:21:12","modified_gmt":"2019-09-09T15:21:12","slug":"introduction-to-electromagnetic-compliance-and-precompliance-testing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pasternack.com\/blog\/compliance\/introduction-to-electromagnetic-compliance-and-precompliance-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction to Electromagnetic Compliance and Precompliance Testing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Electromagnetic Compliance (EMC) and Precompliance Testing are methods of ensuring that electronic devices don\u2019t overly emit unwanted electromagnetic (EM) radiation or electrical fields and are adequately immune to external EM radiation or electrical fields. There are specific EMC standard that Countries and regions require to be passed before products can be legally sold in those areas. As there is generally a relatively low first-time pass rate for EMC testing (~50%) many organizations use Precompliance testing in-house or with rented services and facilitates to help ensure their product designs are better prepared for EMC testing.<\/p>\n<p>The exact tests performed for EMC are diverse and highly specific to the type of electronic product and its intended use. Hence, various Industries, such as automotive, aerospace, and medical, along with military and governments also have specific EMC standard requirements that must be met for their facilities and equipment. Generally, EMC and EMC Precompliance testing involves conducted emissions, conducted immunity, radiated immunity, and radiated emissions testing, along with other forms of harmonic, flicker, and pulse testing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Country and\/or Region Specific EMC Standards <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 United States\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/cgi-bin\/text-idx?SID=9e69652432a476868bbd140ae788a896&amp;mc=true&amp;node=pt47.1.15&amp;rgn=div5\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">FCC Part 15 Rules<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n\u2022 Canada\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ic.gc.ca\/eic\/site\/smt-gst.nsf\/eng\/h_sf06127.html\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Industry Canada ICES Rules<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n\u2022 Europe\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.evs.ee\/shop\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">European Standards (EMC)<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n\u2022 Australia &amp; New Zealand\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.acma.gov.au\/Industry\/Suppliers\/Equipment-regulation\/EMC-Electromagnetic-compatibility\/emc-standards-list\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">EMC standards list<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n\u2022 Japan\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vcci.jp\/vcci_e\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">VCCI<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n\u2022 China\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnca.gov.cn\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">CNCA<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n\u2022 Russia <a href=\"http:\/\/www.easc.org.by\/english\/mgs_org_en.php\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">EASC (GOST)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Industry Specific International Standards<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Medical<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/searchform&amp;q=60601-1-2\">\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">IEC 60601-1-2<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Automotive<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sae.org\/works\/committeeHome.do?comtID=TEVEES17\">\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">SAE<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iso.org\/iso\/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=50925\">\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 ISO7637<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/webstore\/webstore.nsf\/artnum\/039171\">\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 IEC CISPR-25<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/enterprise\/sectors\/automotive\/documents\/directives\/motor-vehicles\/index_en.htm\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Automotive Directive<\/a><\/span> (&#8220;E-mark&#8221; for Europe).<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.iso.org\/iso\/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=37998\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">ISO1145-1<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iso.org\/iso\/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59608\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ISO1145-2<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Military<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.ca\/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=2&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0CC8QFjAB&amp;url=http:\/\/snebulos.mit.edu\/projects\/reference\/MIL-STD\/MIL-STD-461F.pdf&amp;ei=L3NSVcrIBNb9oQT8lIHABQ&amp;usg=AFQjCNFfr6BHoe1huLV_8dyJXanuATJNiw&amp;bvm=bv.93112503,d.cGU\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00a0 MIL-STD-461<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dstan.mod.uk\/closure_notice.html\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 DEF STAN 59\/411<\/a><\/span> ( common in NATO)<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wbdg.org\/ccb\/FEDMIL\/std704f.pdf\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> MIL-STD-704<\/span><\/a> (for aircraft)<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/everyspec.com\/MIL-STD\/MIL-STD-1100-1299\/download.php?spec=MIL-STD-1275D.00001072.pdf\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> MIL-STD-1275 <\/span><\/a>(for land vehicles)<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wbdg.org\/ccb\/FEDMIL\/std1399_300b.pdf\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">MIL-STD-1399<\/span><\/a> (for ships)<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, several types of test equipment is used for EMC testing that is well specified, though there is a wider range of test equipment used for Precompliance testing as there are no specific requirements for Precompliance testing other than that setout by the company doing the testing. EMC testing is generally performed in Open Area Test Sites (OATS), Over-the-air Test ranges, Anechoic Chambers, and Semi-anechoic Chambers. Precompliance testing may be performed in typical lab benches, in chamber used for EMC testing, or in specialized testing chambers, such as TEM chambers.<\/p>\n<p>There are several common antennas used for EMC testing, including loop, biconical, log periodic, and horn antennas. Though the type of test equipment used for EMC testing is essential fixed, precompliance testing is often performed with typical bench-top or portable signal generators, spectrum analyzers, software-defined radios (SDR), function generators, and other readily available equipment. Hence, the interconnect used for EMC and Precompliance testing is often standard coaxial cables, connectors, and adapters.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Useful Noise Sources Accessories and Equipment<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pasternack.com\/nsearch.aspx?Category=Cable+Assemblies&amp;Rfinca99rfcablegn=PE-VNA-HF%5EPE-VNA-R%5EFlexible+Cable%5EPE-TC110%5EPE-FF430&amp;sort=y&amp;view_type=grid\">\u2022\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Pasternack Phase Stable (VNA) Coaxial Cables<\/span><\/a><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pasternack.com\/nsearch.aspx?Category=Cable+Assemblies&amp;Rfinca99rfcablegn=160+Series%5EPE-P141%5EPE-P142LL%5EPE-P300LL%5EPE-P102&amp;sort=y&amp;view_type=grid\">\u2022 Pasternack Cable Generic Test Cable Assemblies<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pasternack.com\/nsearch.aspx?Category=Cable+Assemblies&amp;Rfinca99designtype=Skew+Matched+Pair&amp;sort=y&amp;view_type=grid\">\u2022 Pasternack Skew Matched Pair Coaxial Cable<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pasternack.com\/nsearch.aspx?Category=Adapters&amp;Rfinad99con1series=1.0mm%5E2.4mm%5E1.85mm%5E2.4mm+NMD%5E2.92mm%5E2.92mm+NMD%5E3.5mm%5E3.5mm+NMD%5E7mm&amp;sort=y&amp;view_type=grid\">\u2022 Pasternack Precision Coaxial Adapters<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pasternack.com\/nsearch.aspx?Category=Adapters&amp;sort=y&amp;view_type=grid\">\u2022 Pasternack In-series and Between-series Adapters<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pasternack.com\/nsearch.aspx?Category=Microwave+Probes%5ETools+Miscellaneous&amp;keywords=PE2PB&amp;sort=y&amp;view_type=grid\">\u2022 Pasternack RF Coaxial Probe<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Electromagnetic Compliance (EMC) and Precompliance Testing are methods of ensuring that electronic devices don\u2019t overly emit unwanted electromagnetic (EM) radiation or electrical fields and are adequately immune to external EM radiation or electrical fields. There are specific EMC standard that Countries and regions require to be passed before products can be legally sold in those ..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[343],"tags":[529,531,532,534,332,530,533],"class_list":["post-1387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-compliance","tag-electromagnetic-compliance","tag-fcc","tag-iec","tag-iso","tag-mil-std","tag-precompliance-testing","tag-sae"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Introduction to Electromagnetic Compliance and Precompliance Testing - Pasternack Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pasternack.com\/blog\/compliance\/introduction-to-electromagnetic-compliance-and-precompliance-testing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Introduction to Electromagnetic Compliance and Precompliance Testing - Pasternack Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Electromagnetic Compliance (EMC) and Precompliance Testing are methods of ensuring that electronic devices don\u2019t overly emit unwanted electromagnetic (EM) radiation or electrical fields and are adequately immune to external EM radiation or electrical fields. 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