{"id":1712,"date":"2026-02-02T08:30:53","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T13:30:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.pasternack.com\/?p=1712"},"modified":"2026-02-27T14:47:46","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T19:47:46","slug":"difference-between-coplanar-waveguide-microstrip-stripline-other-planar-transmission-lines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/blog\/uncategorized\/difference-between-coplanar-waveguide-microstrip-stripline-other-planar-transmission-lines\/","title":{"rendered":"Difference Between Coplanar Waveguide, Microstrip, Stripline, &#038; Other Planar Transmission Lines"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Planar transmission lines are used to carry a variety of analog, RF, and digital signals on insulative, planar substrates from kilohertz to hundreds of gigahertz frequencies. Planar transmission lines are constructed of one or more layers of metal traces with one or more parallel metal traces. There are several common types of planar transmission lines: stripline, suspended stripline, microstrip, coplanar waveguide, slotline, and imageline, of which there are also variants. Each type of planar transmission line exhibits different dominant transmission modes, max frequency, characteristic impedance range, and unloaded Q factor.<\/p>\n<p aria-level=\"2\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Key Takeaways<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:360,&quot;335559739&quot;:80}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\u25cf&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2022 Planar transmission lines (microstrip, stripline, coplanar waveguide (CPW), slotline) each have distinct structures, field distributions, fabrication demands, and performance trade-offs.<\/span><a href=\"\/blog\/uncategorized\/difference-between-coplanar-waveguide-microstrip-stripline-other-planar-transmission-lines\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559738&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\u25cf&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2022 Stripline: signal trace is sandwiched between two ground planes, giving excellent shielding and low radiation, supporting true TEM mode.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\u25cf&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2022 Microstrip: signal trace on top of a dielectric substrate with a ground plane beneath \u2013 easier to fabricate, but more radiation loss and quasi-TEM propagation.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.analog.com\/jp\/resources\/technical-articles\/introduction-to-common-printed-circuit-transmission-lines.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\u25cf&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2022 Coplanar Waveguide (CPW): signal trace and adjacent ground planes on the same substrate surface (coplanar), good for transitions, narrow traces, and certain high-frequency layouts.<\/span><a href=\"\/blog\/uncategorized\/difference-between-coplanar-waveguide-microstrip-stripline-other-planar-transmission-lines\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\u25cf&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2022 Performance criteria differ e.g.; typical maximum useful frequency, characteristic impedance range, and unloaded Q factor vary between line types.<\/span><a href=\"\/blog\/uncategorized\/difference-between-coplanar-waveguide-microstrip-stripline-other-planar-transmission-lines\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\u25cf&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2022 Choosing the right line type depends on application constraints: fabrication complexity, layer stack-up, shielding needs, frequency band, loss budget, and cost.<\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\u25cf&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" data-aria-posinset=\"6\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Types of Planar Transmission Lines<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Stripline: A \u201cstrip\u201d conductor embedded within a dielectric substrate and sandwiched between two ground plans<br \/>\n\u2022 Suspended Stripline: A stripline that is suspended in air between the ground plans, with the air gaps being above and below the strip.<br \/>\n\u2022 Microstrip: A strip conductor on top of a dielectric substrate with a ground plane beneath the substrate.<br \/>\n\u2022 Coplanar Waveguide: a strip conductor with two ground planes parallel and on either side of the strip on the same dielectric substrate.<br \/>\n\u2022 Slotline: a slot separating two metal traces on the same plane of the dielectric substrate.<br \/>\n\u2022 Finline: A slotline that is rotated +\/- 90 degrees inserted into the E-plane of a rectangular metal waveguide.<br \/>\n\u2022 Imageline: A dielectric slab waveguide with a strip of dielectric on a metallized plane.<\/p>\n<p>Typically the outer, top, or bottom traces of a planar transmission line are grounded with the interior trace as the signal traces. These physical structures allow for the development of transmission line modes, namely transverse electromagnetic (TEM), transverse electric (TE), transverse magnetic (TM), quasi-TEM, longitudinal-section electric (LSE), and longitudinal-section magnetic (LSM), depending on the planar transmission line configuration. The electrical behavior of a planar transmission line depends on how the field lines are distributed through air and the substrate (dielectrics) and how the field lines are coupled to the signal and ground traces or metalization.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dominant Modes Of Planar Transmission Lines<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Stripline: TEM<br \/>\n\u2022 Suspended Stripline: TEM, quasi-TEM<br \/>\n\u2022 Microstrip: Quasi-TEM<br \/>\n\u2022 Coplanar Waveguide: Quasi-TEM<br \/>\n\u2022 Slotline: Quasi-TE<br \/>\n\u2022 Finline: LSE, LSM<br \/>\n\u2022 Imageline: TE, TM<\/p>\n<p><strong>Max Frequency (Typical)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Stripline: 60 GHz<br \/>\n\u2022 Suspended Stripline: 220 GHz<br \/>\n\u2022 Microstrip: 110 GHz<br \/>\n\u2022 Coplanar Waveguide: 110 GHz<br \/>\n\u2022 Slotline: 110 GHz<br \/>\n\u2022 Finline: 220 GHz<br \/>\n\u2022 Imageline: &gt;100 GHz<\/p>\n<p><strong>Characteristic Impedance Range (with substrate relative permittivity of 10)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Stripline: 30 &#8211; 225 Ohm<br \/>\n\u2022 Suspended Stripline: 40 &#8211; 150 Ohm<br \/>\n\u2022 Microstrip: 10 &#8211; 110 Ohm<br \/>\n\u2022 Coplanar Waveguide: 40 &#8211; 110 Ohm<br \/>\n\u2022 Slotline: 35 &#8211; 250 Ohm<br \/>\n\u2022 Finline: 10 &#8211; 400 Ohm<br \/>\n\u2022 Imageline: ~26 Ohm<\/p>\n<p><strong>Unloaded Q Factor (with substrate relative permittivity of 10)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Stripline: ~400<br \/>\n\u2022 Suspended Stripline: 600 @ 30 GHz<br \/>\n\u2022 Microstrip: 250 @ 30 GHz<br \/>\n\u2022 Coplanar Waveguide: 300 @ 30 GHz<br \/>\n\u2022 Slotline: 200 @ 30 GHz<br \/>\n\u2022 Finline: 550 @ 30 GHz<br \/>\n\u2022 Imageline: 2500 @ 30 GHz<\/p>\n<p>Planar transmission lines with \u201cloose\u201d field lines may also couple with nearby metallization on a substrate or any metallic housing or structures within close proximity. This can result in planar transmission lines exhibiting additional and undesirable spurious modes. Hence, there are planar transmission line types and variants that use tightly coupled grounded structures nearby, or even completely surrounding, the signal traces. Though these tightly coupled transmission lines tend to exhibit higher conductor losses, they exhibit lower radiation losses, better spurious mode suppression, and possibly higher frequency performance. The trade-off in greater grounding\/shielding is the additional cost, weight, and a possible increase of performance sensitivity to substrate and metalization fabrication tolerances.<\/p>\n<p>There are also varying complexities associated with fabricating each transmission line type and their variants. For instance, planar transmission lines with only surface traces on a single layer, such as standard coplanar waveguides or slotlines may be lower cost and more easily manufactured than microstriplines that require two layers of metal or grounded coplanar waveguides with metallized vias connecting the surface ground traces to the bottom ground layer.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Common Stripline Variants<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Suspended Stripline<br \/>\n\u2022 Bilateral Suspended Stripline<br \/>\n\u2022 Two Conductor Stripline<\/p>\n<p><strong>Common Microstrip Variants<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Suspended Microstrip<br \/>\n\u2022 Inverted Microstrip<br \/>\n\u2022 In-box Microstrip<br \/>\n\u2022 Trapped Inverted Microstrip<\/p>\n<p><strong>Common Coplanar Waveguide Variants<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Grounded Bottom or Common Bottom Coplanar Waveguide (GBCPW or CBCWG)<br \/>\n\u2022 Grounded Coplanar Waveguide (GCPW)<br \/>\n\u2022 Coplanar Strips<br \/>\n\u2022 Embedded Coplanar Strips<\/p>\n<p><strong>Common Slotline Variants<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Antipodal<br \/>\n\u2022 Bilateral<\/p>\n<p><strong>Common Finline Variants<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Unilateral<br \/>\n\u2022 Bilateral<br \/>\n\u2022 Antipodal<br \/>\n\u2022 Strongly Coupled Antipodal<br \/>\n\u2022 Insulated<\/p>\n<p>Resources<br \/>\nJarry, Pierre; Beneat, Jacques, Design and Realizations of Miniaturized Fractal Microwave and RF Filters, Wiley, 2009 ISBN 0-470-48781-X.<br \/>\nEdwards, Terry; Steer, Michael, Foundations for Microstrip Circuit Design, Wiley, 2016 ISBN 1-118-93619-1<br \/>\nWanhammar, Lars, Analog Filters using MATLAB, Springer, 2009 ISBN 0-387-92767-0<br \/>\nRogers, John W M; Plett, Calvin, Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design, Artech House, 2010 ISBN 1-60783-980-6<br \/>\nMaloratsky, Leo, Passive RF and Microwave Integrated Circuits, Elsevier, 2003 ISBN 0-08-049205-3<\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p aria-level=\"3\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Q1.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">What is the role of the dielectric material in these transmission lines?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:280,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The dielectric material (such as Rogers, FR-4, or PTFE) defines the effective\u00a0permittivity and\u00a0loss of tangent, which\u00a0influences\u00a0signal velocity, attenuation, and impedance. A high-quality, low-loss dielectric ensures better performance at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p aria-level=\"3\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Q2. What does \u201cquasi-TEM\u201d mode mean in microstrip and CPW lines?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:280,&quot;335559739&quot;:80}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A:\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A quasi-TEM (quasi-Transverse Electromagnetic) mode means that electric and magnetic fields are mostly perpendicular but not perfectly so, because part of the field exists in air and part within the substrate. This slightly distorts the field and causes frequency-dependent impedance.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p aria-level=\"3\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Q3. Why is impedance control important in planar transmission lines?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134245418&quot;:false,&quot;134245529&quot;:false,&quot;335559738&quot;:280,&quot;335559739&quot;:80}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A:<\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Maintaining\u00a0a consistent characteristic impedance (usually 50 \u03a9) ensures minimal reflection,\u00a0optimal\u00a0power transfer, and low return loss. Variations in substrate height, dielectric constant, or trace width can affect impedance and overall signal integrity.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Planar transmission lines are used to carry a variety of analog, RF, and digital signals on insulative, planar substrates from kilohertz to hundreds of gigahertz frequencies. Planar transmission lines are constructed of one or more layers of metal traces with one or more parallel metal traces. There are several common types of planar transmission lines: ..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[627,628,630,626,623,629,624,625],"class_list":["post-1712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-coplanar-waveguide","tag-finline","tag-imageline","tag-microstrip","tag-planar-transmission-lines","tag-slotline","tag-stripline","tag-suspended-stripline"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Coplanar Waveguide vs Microstrip vs Stripline: A Planar Transmission Lines Guide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the differences between planar PCB\/microwave transmission lines: microstrip, stripline, coplanar waveguide, and slotline. 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